Country
Portugal
City / Region
Cascais / Lisboa
Construction Date
Built in 1590 by order of Philip I of Portugal (II of Spain). The initial project was by the Neapolitan military engineer Friar Vicencio Casale, who arrived in Portugal in 1589 in the service of the Spanish Crown. The construction was part of the Philippine effort to reinforce the defense of Lisbon, considered vulnerable. It was modified by Casale himself and again after 1640, as part of the reform of coastal fortresses by the restored Portuguese Crown. This origin and authorship highlight the integration of Portuguese coastal defense into the global military strategy of the Hispanic Monarchy during the Iberian Union, aiming to protect a vital point of its composite empire.
Conservation status
Classified as a Property of Public Interest (IIP). After a period of abandonment and vandalism, it is undergoing a recovery process through an agreement between the Cascais City Council and the Ministry of National Defense.
Latitude and Longitude
38°41'54"N 9°23'02"W
Main characteristics
Star-shaped military fort with four angular bastions. It features a low rectangular battery along the seaward-facing sides. The entrance, on the southeast wall, is preceded by a bridge (originally a drawbridge). In the center stand two oblong three-story buildings, connected by a covered wing, which housed barracks, warehouses, and the governor's residence. It includes a small chapel. It has a high battery facing south and sentry boxes at the corners of the bastions. Outside, it presents a wide moat with a counterscarp, covered way, and esplanade (now wooded). Its planimetry is considered "unusual" in the context of the Tagus bar fortifications, but it was the most important between the Citadel of Cascais and São Julião da Barra. The interior spaces preserve integrated heritage from the Estado Novo period, notably blue and white or polychrome tile panels with representations of national monuments or historical scenes. Post-1640 modifications indicate the appropriation and adaptation of the structure by the restored Portuguese Crown, integrating it into its own defensive strategy. The later presence of Estado Novo tiles demonstrates the continuous re-signification and use of the fort throughout different political regimes in Portugal.
Source(s)
AZEVEDO, Carlos de; GUSMÃO, Adriano de; FERRÃO, Julieta. Monumentos e Edifícios Notáveis do Distrito de Lisboa. Lisboa: [s.n.], 1973. t. 2 e 3.
BARROS, Maria de Fátima Rombouts; BOIÇA, Joaquim Manuel Ferreira. As fortificações marítimas da costa de Cascais. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 1990.
MOREIRA, Rafael. "A arquitectura militar". In: História da Arte em Portugal - O Maneirismo. Lisboa: Publicações Alfa, 1986. v. 7.
RAMALHO, Maria Margarida Marques; PEREIRA, Tereza Marçal; MACEDO, Silvana Costa; GODINHO, Helena Campos. "Levantamento do património concelhio de Cascais. 1975 - Herança do património arquitectónico europeu". Arquivo de Cascais, Cascais, 1987.