Founded in Glasgow in 1856 by Thomas Henderson in partnership with the Handyside brothers (Handysides and Henderson), initially focusing on the Glasgow-New York and Glasgow-Quebec routes.39 It quickly became an important line for transporting Scottish emigrants and, for a period (1869-1872), Scandinavians, via a feeder service through Leith/Granton to Glasgow, competing with the Allan Line.39 It expanded its routes to include the Mediterranean and India.39 It operated weekly services (or twice a week in the summer) to New York in 1865.39 Notable ships include Ethiopia (1873), California, Caledonia.39 The line was acquired by Cunard Line in 1911, although it continued to operate under the Anchor Line name.39 The company ceased passenger operations in 1966 and cargo operations in 1980.39 Its American headquarters were in New York and Chicago.44