Formed in Belfast in 1861 by Edward James Harland and Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, who purchased Robert Hickson's shipyard on Queen's Island.16 Quickly gained a reputation for innovation (iron deck, flat bottom) and quality.18 Established a long-standing partnership with the White Star Line (facilitated by Gustav Schwabe's, Wolff's uncle, investment in the line), building most of its ships, including the Oceanic class and the famous Olympic class (Olympic, Titanic, Britannic).16 William Pirrie (chairman 1895-1924) and Thomas Andrews (chief designer, died on the Titanic) were key figures.16 Expanded its operations, acquiring shipyards in Govan (Glasgow) in 1912, and also in Liverpool, London, and Southampton (the latter later closed).18 Built numerous Warships for the Royal Navy, including monitors, cruisers (HMS Glorious), and aircraft carriers, especially during World War I and II.16 Also produced tankers, Cargo ships, and other types.16 Founded an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary (Short & Harland) in 1936, which built Hereford and Stirling bombers.18 The shipyard was the scene of sectarian tensions and expulsions of Catholic workers in various periods (1912, 1920).18 Continued to be a major shipbuilder after 1950 but faced decline along with the British industry. Extensive archives are at PRONI (Ref: D2805).16