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Country

Portugal

City / Region

Porto / Porto

Construction Date

17th Century. The construction order dates from 1643 (D. João IV), but the actual start of work was in 1661. It was built specifically to protect the coast from attacks by North African pirates. This specific purpose demonstrates that the threat of Barbary piracy was not limited to southern Portugal or the Mediterranean but extended significantly along the northern Atlantic coast, justifying defensive investments in the important port center of Porto.

Conservation status

Classified as Property of Public Interest (IIP). Suffered significant damage during the Siege of Porto (1832-1833) and went through phases of abandonment and restoration (1942, 1959). Currently open to the public.

Latitude and Longitude

41°10'06"N 8°41'23"W

Main characteristics

Small coastal fortification, part of the defensive line between the Douro and Minho rivers. It is located on a rock formation whose peculiar shape gave rise to the popular name "Castelo do Queijo" (Cheese Castle). It has an irregular trapezoidal plan, surrounded by a moat. A raised rectangular platform is topped by pentagonal sentry boxes at the vertices. The main portal, in a perfect arch and surmounted by the national coat of arms, was preceded by a drawbridge. Access is through a vaulted tunnel with lateral loopholes. The interior includes an atrium (later covered), a bar, a powder magazine with a barrel-vaulted roof, and stairs and ramps leading to the upper platform. There are niches with granite statuary (São Francisco Xavier and Nossa Senhora). The popular name, derived from the rock, illustrates how local toponymy, based on a striking physical feature, can prevail over the official designation, reflecting the community's perception and appropriation of the monument.

Source(s)

BARROCA, Mário Jorge. As Fortificações do Litoral Portuense. Lisboa: Edições Anapa, S.A., 2001.

CAPELA, José Viriato; MATOS, Henrique; BORRALHEIRO, Rogério. As Freguesias do Distrito do Porto nas Memórias Paroquiais de 1758. Braga: [s.n.], 2009.

DIONÍSIO, Santana. Guia de Portugal. Coimbra: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1985. v. 4, t. I.

LOPES, Flávio (coord.). Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico Classificado. Lisboa: IPPAR, 1993.

MOREIRA, Rafael. "Do Rigor Teórico à Urgência Prática: A Arquitectura Militar". In: História da Arte em Portugal. Lisboa: Publicações Alfa, 1986. v. 8.

PORTUGAL. Ministério das Obras Públicas. Relatório da Actividade do Ministério nos Anos de 1959. Lisboa: [s.n.], 1960. v. 1.

QUARESMA, Maria Clementina de Carvalho. Inventário Artístico de Portugal. Cidade do Porto. Lisboa: Academia Nacional de Belas Artes, 1995.

VISIT PORTO. Forte de São Francisco Xavier. [Online]. Disponível em: https://visitporto.travel/en-GB/poi/5cd04b4ef979e00001fe4816. Acesso em: [Data de acesso].

Forte de São Francisco Xavier do Queijo (Castelo do Queijo)

Fort / Fortress

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